Current challenges in studying myopia & convergence insufficiency - a literature review

Abstract

In youngsters, the most prevalent reason for refractive error is myopia. It is the most prevalent eye condition in the world. In addition to genetic variables, age and environmental factors have also been discovered to be strongly connected with the development of myopia. A thorough literature search was conducted on internet platforms using the phrases myopia review, onset, progression, treatment, control, updates, bifocals, atropine, and orthokeratology. All of the pertinent papers that were published in English during the last ten years were examined and included. Excessive near work and continuous screen use have been confirmed as denite risk factors aside from genetics. The role of vitamin D and outdoor activities continues to be a topic of debate. Treatment for myopia has improved significantly from glasses and contact lenses to more modern options such as femtosecond-assisted operations and tiny incision lenticule extraction, which are minimally invasive refractive treatments. Controlling the development of myopia continues to be a significant concern due to the rapid advancement of technology and the growing reliance on digital gadgets. “There has been a lot of research on the use of bifocals, progressive glasses, stiff contact lenses, and soft bifocal lenses. All of these approaches seem to be successful in the early years, but the long-term outcomes are not promising. The outcomes of low-dose atropine have been promising, but we are still waiting for the long-term follow-up data.